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Überwachungstechnik von TeliaSonera
Angriffe der Syrian Electronic Army auf Social Networks
Total Information Awareness Projekt der US-Regierung
Every Computer that is directly connected to the internet communicates under a distinct address- the Internet Protocol Address (IP). An IP is needed for data collection services as well as to identify a user in the case of right violations. In General all anonymizing services operate as an intermediary between the user and the actual aim of communication. They try to hide the IP address and other personal data in a way that the address itself and therefore the user cannot be identified without significant effort. The spectrum of available services reaches from simple structured, so-called Proxy or Single Hop VPN provider that only forward the data traffic through a station, up to complex services which transport the encrypted data traffic through several intermediate stations via operators that are independent from each other.
To illustrate the difference between normal direct communication and the functional principle of anonymous communication:
Today's leading anonymisation services with several intermediate stations are based on a concept introduced my David Chaum in 1981.[1] It was meant for secure e-mail communication and involve so called mixes. Therein Paul Syverson found the groundwork for his Onion Routing paper.[2] In general Onion Routing prevents the transport medium from knowing that Alice is communicating with Bob. The network only knows that communication is taking place in an encrypted form but this can only be guaranteed if different, independent organisations control the Mixes used. Tor and AN.ON/JonDonym are based on the idea of Onion Routing and rely as decentralized services on the pronciple of trust. Decentralized but open services as Tor are indeed more difficult to block by censors because of their open structure of operators and therefore higher volatility of operators. However, due to this fact they are more exposed to risk of infiltration by big organizations. This disadvantage is attempted to get balanced by central systems such as AN.ON/JonDonym. All mix operators and the mixes itself get only certified after an identity and reliability check. The fixed positions of the AN.ON/JonDonym Mixes enable lower latencies on a technical level.
ANON/JonDonym is based on Onion Routing principle but involves many players:
[1] Chaum, Untraceable electronic Mail, return adresses and digital pseudo- nyms, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 24, No. 2, Februar 1981, http://www.freehaven.net/anonbib/cache/chaum-mix.pdf.
[2] Reed/Syverson/Goldschlag, Anonymous Connections and Onion Rou- ting. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication; Special Issue on Copyright and Privacy Protection, 1998, http://www.onion-router.n et/Publications/JSAC-1998.pdf.
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